Animal Farm by George Orwell: A Book Review

Book: Animal Farm by George Orwell

Page Count: 92

First Publication: Secker & Warburg, UK

First Edition: 1945

Summary

Animal Farm is a political satirical novella brilliantly written by George Orwell (pen name for Eric Arthur Blair). The brilliance in Orwell’s writing is evidenced by the fact that in 2008, The Times named George Orwell the second-greatest British writer since 1945. Animal Farm tells the story of a group of anthropomorphic farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to build a society based on equality, freedom, and happiness. However, their success is short-lived as they soon find themselves in an even worse situation under an authoritarian ruler who constantly manipulates the very principles they fought for, ensuring he holds absolute power.  

The story begins with the “Manor Farm”, owned by a farmer named Jones, who fails to manage the farm properly. The animals rebel against this farmer, take over the farm, and change the name of the farm to “Animal Farm”. The farm is fully operated by the animals for the animals, under the leadership of the pigs named Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon is portrayed as a corrupted leader and Snowball as a leader who lives for idealistic values and principles that benefit the whole of society. At one point, Napoleon uses the fierce dogs he secretly raised to drive Snowball off the farm. Napoleon seizes absolute control of the farm, and from that moment, the animals’ suffering begins. As time passes, the living conditions of the other animals worsen, while Napoleon and his inner circle indulge in every luxury imaginable. Napoleon implements changes so subtly and persuasively that the animals remain convinced they are better off than under human rule. It is only after a series of grim events that they come to realize the rebellion—founded on the belief that humans are evil and all animals are equal—has ultimately led to their leader forming an alliance with humans, becoming one of them, and enforcing the notion that while all animals are equal, some are more equal than others.

Positive Side of the Book

Although Animal Farm is said to be a political satire against Joseph Stalin’s rule in the Soviet Union after the Russian Revolution of 1917, amazingly, the allegory depicts the situation of many countries even today. It would not be false to state that Animal Farm exactly portrays the Communist movement in Nepal. Having closely observed the Communist movement in Nepal, there is no doubt that the political events here have unfolded almost exactly as depicted in the book.

One of Orwell’s greatest strengths is his ability to craft deeply realistic characters, each embodying different aspects of political ideologies and human nature. There are different characters that we can easily relate to. The idea of the rebellion is initiated by the Old Major, an old pig, who firmly believes in idealistic principles of freedom, equality, justice, etc. After his passing away, another pig named Snowball, a leader, is characterised as a firm follower of the principles introduced by the Old Major. Napoleon, another pig, represents a leader who is a total authoritarian and who is ready to overthrow anyone who does not agree with him and who keeps twisting the principles to stay in power, forming allies even with the enemies. Squealer, a young porker, serves Napoleon in all his deeds. Squealer is so smart that he can convince all the animals that Napoleon is always right. Then there are various other characters, like sheep, who are blind followers of their leader. Then, there is a loyal follower, a horse named Boxer, who works extremely hard with total faith that the authority is creating a better world for all. There is an old donkey named Benjamin, who does not believe there will be change in their lives with the revolution in the political system. He believes life always goes bad, irrespective of any political system. All these and other characters whose opinion regarding the political system differs make this novel so realistic.

The book is so captivating that the readers would not want to put it down for being anxious on how the story will unfold in the following pages. 

Negative Side of the Book

This book critiques totalitarianism by illustrating its negative consequences, but it does not explicitly propose solutions. While its message about power and corruption is compelling, some critics argue that Orwell oversimplifies political systems.

Like any political work, the book has faced mixed reactions. Not everyone agrees with its stance against totalitarian rule, and some readers may find its pessimistic tone discouraging.

The book has been banned in Cuba and North Korea due to its satirical critique of totalitarianism and communism. Booksellers in Iran have been warned against selling Orwell’s works, including Animal Farm, for the same reasons. In 1991, Kenya banned a play based on Animal Farm because it was seen as a direct attack on the Kenyan government and could incite rebellion. Animal Farm is still censored in Vietnam.

The United Arab Emirates banned the book in 2002 due to its depiction of talking pigs, which was considered contrary to Islamic values.

Animal Farm has faced bans or restrictions in several countries, primarily due to its political content and, in some cases, religious considerations. These bans highlight the book's ongoing political relevance and the fear it instills in oppressive regimes.

Conclusion

Animal Farm is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding how political structures shape society. It serves as a powerful eye-opener, especially for those who blindly follow political leaders or ideologies. Despite its brevity, the book carries profound depth, offering multiple layers of interpretation that engage thoughtful readers in a long and meaningful reflection.

All readers are equal, but some readers are more equal than others. However, many readers will find Animal Farm to be an unforgettable masterpiece. It is hard to deny the book’s lasting impact and relevance in today’s world.

Words from the Book

"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others."

"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which."

Rajendra Maharjan

Contact: teacher.rajen@gmail.com

The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran: A Book Review

Book: The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran

Page Count: 107

Publication: Alfred A. Knopf

Edition: 1923

Summary

The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran is a masterpiece of prose poetry, imbued with mysticism and universal truth. Gibran, a Lebanese-American writer, poet, and artist, was often regarded as a philosopher, though he himself rejected the label. The Prophet is said to have been translated over 100 languages and is one of the best selling books of all time.

The book presents the wisdom of Al Mustafa, the central character, who has lived in the city of Orphalese for 12 years. As he prepares to board a ship which will take him home, the people of the city ask him to share his wisdom on various facets of life, such as love, marriage, children, work, death, and more. Through Al Mustafa, the writer offers profound insights into these topics. 

Positive Side

The book is short enough to be read in one sitting, yet its true essence unfolds when savored slowly, allowing time to reflect on its profound messages. A thoughtful reader will naturally pause to ponder the insights woven into its sentences or paragraphs. Deep thinkers will find immense value in its pages. The book does not seem to emerge from mere intellectual reasoning; instead, it feels as though it is drawn from a higher, universal source. To borrow the writer’s style: “The book is not the writer’s creation; it is not his, though it comes through him.” It is a work of genius, an extraordinary blend of literary and spiritual insight.

Negative Side

Readers seeking actionable guidance or practical advice may find this book less satisfying. It does not provide a roadmap or list of tasks to improve one’s life in tangible ways. Instead, the book operates on a deeper, more subtle level, stirring the soul and altering the state of being.

In a world driven by productivity and material goals, this book might seem like a collection of beautiful but impractical words—more a luxury of introspection than a tool for achieving worldly success. For some, this could be seen as a limitation. However, those willing to embrace its mystical and transformative power will find that it changes them in ways that are profound, albeit intangible.

Conclusion

The Prophet is a must-read for anyone drawn to mysticism or seeking a fresh perspective on life’s timeless themes. It is a book that touches the soul, leaving readers feeling changed and enriched. Fans of Paulo Coelho’s works will likely find a place for this book in their hearts.

Highly recommended for deep thinkers, introspective readers, and anyone needing a brief yet meaningful escape from the noise of the world, this book is a treasure to be cherished.

Words from the Book

"Your children are not your children.

They are the sons and daughters of Life’s longing for itself.

They come through you but not from you,

And though they are with you yet they belong not to you."

Rajendra Maharjan

Conact: teacher.rajen@gmail.com

Influence - The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini, Ph.D. : A Book Review

Book: Influence - The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini, Ph.D.

Page Count: 568

Publication: HarperCollins Publishers

ISBN: 978-0-06-313880-3 (pb)

Edition: 2021

Summary

As the title suggests Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini, Ph.D., explores the psychological principles of persuasion. With over five million copies sold, the book has gained widespread acclaim. The book is divided into seven principles of persuasion. The author supports his principles with numerous studies and experiments on human behaviour, which has been one of the reasons for being the book a bulky one.  Cialdini’s principles of persuasion are as follows:

(i) Reciprocation

This principle suggests that giving something before making a request significantly increases the chance of positive response. For example, researchers in the UK found that offering a small packet of sweets to investment bankers doubled their charitable contributions compared to when no gift was given. The lesson: Contribute before asking.

(ii) Commitment and Consistency

This principle suggests that the people feel compelled to stay in consistent with their past commitments and actions. For instance, homeowners who agreed to put a small window sign supporting safe driving were later more willing to place a large billboard in their yard with the same message. The initial small commitment shaped their identity, encouraging consistent behaviour.

(iii) Social Proof

This chapter begins with Eric Hoffer’s quote, “When people are free to do as they please, they usually imitate one another.”  An interesting example from the book highlights how a restaurant in China boosted sales by 13 to 20 percent simply by labelling certain menu items as “most popular” instead of “Specialty of the house” or “Our chef’s recommendation for tonight”. Popularity fosters imitation.

(iv) Liking

People tend to say yes to those they like. Building a positive impression is critical in persuasion. The book extensively discusses strategies for becoming more likeable, emphasizing their importance in effectively influencing others.

(v) Authority

People are inclined to trust authority figures. For instance, medical advice is often taken more seriously when given by doctors. Similarly, a Ph.D. in Economics lends credibility to an economic analysis, even if the expert’s conclusions might be erroneous. Establishing authority is key to persuasion in both personal and professional life.

(vi) Scarcity

The perception of scarcity intensifies desire. A prospective buyer, for example, may feel compelled to purchase a plot of land after being told it is the last one available in the area. This fear of missing out on an opportunity often triggers action.

(vii) Unity (the newest principle for this edition)

Shared identity strengthens persuasion. People are more easily convinced by those with whom they share common ground – whether it’s the same city, religion, club, school, or even bloodline. Unity fosters trust and acceptance.

Positive Side of the Book

After reading How to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie, I believed that everything about dealing with people had already been covered. But decades after publishing the first edition of the Carnegie’s book, there comes this book, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion and to my amazement, despite covering similar themes, the two books are distinct and equally insightful. Influence has a fresh taste with modern and research-driven outlook. The book’s strength lies in its extensive studies and experiments to substantiate the principles explained therein. Additionally, the book cautions that these principles can be applied both ethically and unethically.

Negative Side of the Book

The author’s frequent repetition of certain words (like “compliance professionals” and “click, run”) while aiming for originality, may feel redundant to some readers. The author could have written using more varied expressions. The book is a long read making it more suited to serious readers with deep interest in the subject.

Conclusion

The book is an excellent read for anyone interested in influencing people through a deeper understanding of human psychology. It is highly recommended to the professionals whose work revolves around engaging with people. Fans of Dale Carnegie’s classic, How to Win Friends and Influence People will find this book a deeper, research-backed exploration of the art of persuasion. The book is highly recommended to those who are passionate about the subject.

8 Golden Lessons from the Book "Direct from Dell"

 

Introduction

“Direct from Dell” is an autobiographical book written by Michael Dell sharing his story of starting the business from scratch to building the business empire. Along with the eye-opening lessons scattered throughout the pages, one of the beauties that can be noticed is that the writer uses both "he" and "she" pronouns to refer to customers or team members showing respect for both genders. This book is highly recommended to people who are or aspire to become successful entrepreneurs. This article explores the eight valuable lessons from the book that can guide entrepreneurs and business enthusiasts towards success.

Lesson 1: Execution Over Perfection

In the business world, prioritizing execution over perfection is crucial. Many people wait for the perfect time to start their project. Not only business projects but also personal pursuits like beginning an exercise routine, embarking on a reading journey, or venturing into book writing do not require any perfect time to start. What truly matters is commencing the journey rather than fixating on perfect timing. Perfect starting is not the point, but the important thing is to start and evolve along the journey. A little late might be too late in business.

Quote from the Book

“The pace of business moves too quickly these days to waste time noodling over a decision. And while we strive to always make the right choice, I believe it’s better to be first at the risk of being wrong than it is to be 100 per cent perfect two years too late.”

Lesson 2: Perfection is a Myth

There is no such thing as perfect, especially in a business organization. Business organization, no matter how professionally managed or whatever it has achieved, cannot be perfect. Because perfect means the state where no change is required and in business, the way business is managed requires continuous changes as per the change in the market. There is always room for progress, always something more to be done and achieved. Improvements can always be made, and businesses should be open to change. Perfection is a myth.

Quote from the Book

““There’s a saying in the technology field that what can be done, will be done. If something can be improved, someone will figure out a way to do it. No matter what your business, that someone had better be you.”

Lesson 3: Respect Customers

Quote from the Book

“If you’re trying to solve a customer’s problem, go and ask him how he’d like to see it solved. This kind of problem-solving “empathy” leads to innovative thinking.”

“In the market, the customer is indeed the king. Due respect should be given to the king. The first thing that shows respect to the customer is producing not what the business wants to produce but what the customers want to buy. There is no point in producing anything that customers do not buy. Once goods or services are sold, continuous customer service is equally important to show respect to the customers. Customer loyalty and the strength of a long-lasting brand depend on customer service. The goods and services should be modified as per the requirements of the customers. For that, continuous feedback from the customers should be collected and that feedback must be taken seriously. Respecting customers is paramount..”

Quote from the Book

“Jack Welch of General Electric (a Dell customer, we’re happy to say) has been quoted as saying, “Everything we do is aimed at either getting a customer or keeping a customer.” That’s a belief that’s always guided Dell, too. I spend about 40 percent of my time with customers. When people hear that, they often say, “Wow—that’s a lot of time to spend with customers.””

Lesson 4: Direct Sell Approach

The massive success of Dell is significantly attributed to the least taken route by the other businesses, which is the “Direct Sell" approach of the company. Dell is guided by the principle of selling the computers directly to the end consumers, breaking the barriers between distributors and retailers. As mentioned above, Dell is strongly convinced that the product must be as per the needs of the customers. To understand the needs of the customers, the company must collect feedback from the customers. Feedback is essential for the survival and growth of any business. If the company is in direct contact with the end users of the product, feedback can be collected easily. A large part of the genuine feedback is lost along the way if it is collected through distributors and retailers. When the company which manufactures the product is in direct contact with the customers, their comments and suggestions can be directly messaged to the engineering department to modify the product swiftly. The title of the book, "Direct from Dell", shows how Dell values the direct sell approach.

Lesson 5: Use of E-commerce in the Business

Dell was an early adopter of e-commerce, using its website for custom configurations and pricing. The book describes how sales were boosted using the site: www.dell.com. The author describes that using this innovative approach saved the cost of human resources for the company and saved time of visiting the store for the consumers, highlighting the importance of embracing e-commerce. Dell started selling computers online when no one believed it was possible. The belief was that customers would not buy computers from those who do not have physical stores. But Dell was among the first companies to make online sales and it paid off well. The use of e-commerce for business has become inevitable for all businesses.

Lesson 6: Delegation

The decision of delegation is crucial in any business. While manufacturing the computers, Dell repeatedly had to face the problem of deciding whether to manufacture the parts by Dell itself or buy from other vendors. Many times, it was more beneficial for the company to buy the parts from other vendors so that the company could focus on the product itself. Dell's approach of focusing on core competencies is a valuable lesson in delegation.

Quote from the Book

“…someone at Boeing once said, “We want to be experts at airplanes, not computers.”

Lesson 7: The Goal-oriented Team

Ensuring that the entire team understands how their work impacts the overall business is essential. The book describes that at Dell, even the non-finance employees such as engineers were provided with Profit and Loss Statements and Balance Sheets. They were provided with insights into how their work affects the sales, profit, cash flow etc.

Lesson 8: Liquidity, Profitability and Growth

In 1993 when Dell faced a serious downturn in the business, Dell prioritized the company's liquidity, profitability, and growth, in that order. This is such an eye-opening strategy. If a business focuses on profitability or growth before liquidity, the business will face a financial crisis. Liquidity is the first factor to be considered by the business. But liquidity is not the final goal. After the business is in a comfortable liquidity position, its target should be profitability. A business cannot survive long without adequate profit. However, rapid growth in profitability for a certain time does not guarantee the long-term sustainability of the business. The long-term sustainability of the business depends on the growth of the business. The end goal of the business should be growth, but it must be preceded by a series of other factors.

Conclusion

"Direct from Dell" provides a wealth of lessons for entrepreneurs and business leaders. Michael Dell's journey serves as a testament to the significance of adaptability, innovation, and customer-centric approaches in attaining success.

How I Raised Myself from Failure to Success in Selling by Frank Bettger: A Book Review

How I Raised Myself from Failure to Success in Selling by Frank Bettger
My rating: 4 of 5 stars

"How I Raised Myself From Failure to Success in Selling" by Frank Bettger is a book dealing with the sales techniques. Despite being first published in 1947, the techniques outlined in the book continue to hold their relevance in this ever-evolving world of sales. As an accomplished insurance salesman himself, the author shares the insights he gained from his own first-hand experience in this book. The instructions given in this book are not merely the ideas and opinions popped up in the mind of the author while sitting and thinking inside a room, but they are the "tested" ideas in the practical world.

Much of the tips and the content of the book share the same ideas presented in the works of Dale Carnegie. Since they were good friends, brought up in the same era and came from the same school of thought, it is quite understandable that they share a similar opinion regarding the techniques in influencing people. However, there is one contradictory view between Bettger and Carnegie. Carnegie is in the opinion that the "people skill" is more important than the technical knowledge in order to succeed. But Bettger, in one of the chapters in this book, states that we are in the age of specialization. And he suggests that one should always thrive towards specialization because the specialized one will ultimately win in the sales business. While both perspectives have merit, it is safe to say that the blend of "people skill" and specialized knowledge is the recipe for the success in modern sales.

The book is full of eye-opening, real-life stories placed relevantly in the chapters. It contains undeniable tips and techniques to boost sales. Most of the self-help books contain tons of information and after finishing the book, the readers find it confused as to what to make out of all those enlightening information. The best part of this book is that this book, not only contains important information but also shows the readers how to use the information contained in the book. It is a must-read book for the people in the sales business; especially the ones engaged in the insurance sales business will find it one of the most important sources of knowledge for their professional advancement.

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